Strategies for ASEAN Human Resource Readiness in the Nuclear Power Sector
As countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), such as the Philippines and Indonesia actively look to meet rising energy demands, nuclear power is emerging as an option to diversify energy mixes and reduce carbon emissions. By 2032, the Philippines aims to have its first operational nuclear power plant. Indonesia has set its target for 2039, if not sooner. However, developing the human resources and workforce needed to support safe and secure nuclear power programs remains a key challenge across the region.
Importance of Developing Human resources in the Nuclear Energy era
Nuclear energy programs require building domestic expertise and competence. While introducing nuclear technology to a country may rely on foreign skills initially, developing national human resources is essential for sustainability and reducing dependence. The nuclear sector encompasses various business areas, including construction, operation, maintenance, decommissioning, research and development that need specialised personnel. Expertise is especially crucial for regulatory bodies to establish standards, licensing processes, inspections, and oversight to ensure safety amidst the complexity of nuclear systems. Competent professionals in all areas are among the most vital factors for successful nuclear projects.
Case study :Turkiye's Approach to Human Resource Development for Nuclear Power Program
The Turkish nuclear program has historically shared similarities with the nuclear initiatives of countries in ASEAN. During the 1960s and 1970s, the Turkish government initiated nuclear energy-related projects. However, these endeavors encountered significant challenges, including internal political instability and limited financial resources.
In recent years, Turkiye has not only made significant progress in infrastructure development but has also demonstrated its potential to serve as an example for emerging nuclear energy countries interested in harnessing the benefits of nuclear energy. One particularly noteworthy aspect of Turkiye's approach is its emphasis on nurturing human resources within the nuclear energy sector. This strategic focus plays a pivotal role in ensuring the sustainability and safety of the industry.
Turkiye aims to have over 20,000 MW of nuclear power capacity by the 2050s, achieved through the construction of large-scale plants and small modular reactors. Following a build-own-operate (BOO) model, Russia's Rosatom is currently building four reactors for the Akkuyu plant, which marks Turkey's first venture into nuclear energy. This 4,800 MW facility is projected to supply approximately 10% of Turkey's electricity demand by 2028. Turkey is intensifying its efforts to establish a second nuclear power plant in Sinop, along with a third plant in the Thrace region, located in the northwest part of the country. Planning is already underway for the next two proposed nuclear power plants, and negotiations are ongoing with Russia and South Korea for the second plant in Sinop and with China for the third plant in Thrace.
In light of our recent discussion with Dr. Şule Ergün from Hacettepe University in Turkey, it becomes evident that human resource development plays a pivotal role in Turkey's nuclear program. The strategic approach to cultivating a skilled workforce in the nuclear sector encompasses both quantitative and qualitative. Dr. Ergün's insights underscore the meticulous planning required to build a workforce capable of supporting the entire nuclear ecosystem.
A noteworthy factor of Turkey's human resource development strategy lies in its collaborative nature. The government collaborates closely with academic institutions, research organizations, and industry stakeholders to identify talent and deliver requisite training. This includes programs that send students abroad to gain exposure and experience in countries with well-established nuclear power programs such as those in Russia, China, Japan, the USA, and the UK.
Nurturing a skilled nuclear workforce requires a multifaceted approach. Turkiye has the potential to develop cutting-edge research facilities, support scholarships and grants for nuclear engineering students, and collaborate with established nuclear powers to provide comprehensive training opportunities. An agreement between the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Education has been made to facilitate internships for nuclear energy students in the UK, USA, Russia, and Germany. Every year, the Ministry of National Education chooses around 500 Turkish students to receive a scholarship for pursuing graduate studies in nuclear fields at foreign universities. Upon completion of their education, these students are required to work at MENR-GDNE, NDK, TENMAK, and EUAS for double the duration of their time abroad. Alongside IAEA's training programs and workshops for the development of human resources in the nuclear industry, the Turkish Energy, Nuclear, and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) also provides training for personnel in the nuclear field.
Attracting young talent to the nuclear sector remains a challenge in many countries, including Turkey. Dr. Ergün emphasizes that today's youth prioritize jobs that not only offer security but also the opportunity to make a positive impact on the world.
Furthermore, Turkey recognizes that not all roles within the nuclear sector are purely technical. Roles such as project management, financing, and regulatory oversight are equally vital for a successful nuclear program. Emphasizing the importance of these various roles within the sector can help attract a more comprehensive spectrum of talent. One area where Turkey has the potential to enhance its nuclear program further is in research and development (R&D). the significance of investing in R&D to keep pace with technological advancements and adapt to the evolving needs of the sector. A proactive approach to R&D ensures that Turkey remains competitive on the global stage and continues to drive innovation in nuclear energy.
Strategy or ASEAN Human Resource Readiness in the Nuclear Power Sector
The development of nuclear energy in ASEAN countries presents both opportunities and challenges. Building a skilled and diverse workforce is a critical component of ensuring the safety and success of nuclear power programs. Turkiye's approach serves as an exemplary model, emphasizing collaboration, attracting young talent, and investing in R&D. As ASEAN countries continue to explore nuclear energy options, they can learn valuable lessons from Turkiye's experience in human resource development for the nuclear sector. However, each country will need to tailor its approach to its unique circumstances and requirements.
Preparing human resource development for the nuclear energy era involves a strategic and multifaceted approach. Below are key strategies to effectively prepare a skilled workforce in this sector:
Long-Term Planning and Commitment: The government should develop a clear nuclear roadmap and policy as a framework of national energy planning. A clear policy will also give better insight into the industry in infrastructures and business planning to support the government’s roadmap. Develop a clear and comprehensive long-term strategy for human resource development in the nuclear sector. Ensure sustained commitment from government and industry stakeholders to invest in human resources over many years.
Education and Training: Create specialized educational programs at universities and technical institutes that offer degrees and certifications in nuclear-related fields. Develop tailored training programs for various aspects of the nuclear sector, including nuclear engineering, regulatory compliance, safety, and operation. Embracing innovative tools such as simulations, like those provided by L3Harris can be adopted to train more people before NPP is even constructed.
Collaboration and Partnerships: Foster collaboration between government agencies, academic institutions, research organizations, and industry players. Establish partnerships with countries that have well-established nuclear programs for knowledge exchange and joint training programs.
International Exposure: Send students and professionals abroad for internships, advanced training, and exposure to operational nuclear facilities in countries with established programs. Encourage participation in international conferences and collaborations to broaden horizons and build a global network.
Research and Development (R&D): Invest in R&D to keep pace with technological advancements and adapt to evolving industry needs. Promote innovation in nuclear energy by supporting research initiatives within the country.
Diversity of Roles: Recognize that the nuclear sector requires a diverse range of professionals, including engineers, scientists, project managers, financiers, and regulatory experts. Promote awareness of the various roles within the sector to attract a broader spectrum of talent.
