Kenya's Nuclear Power Program: A Collaborative Approach for Energy Sustainability

Kenya's journey towards establishing a robust nuclear power program is marked by notable progress and a resolute commitment to addressing its energy needs. Under the leadership of Mr. Justus Wabuyabo, Acting CEO of the Nuclear Power and Energy Agency (NuPEA), Kenya has embarked on a path that underscores the significance of a multilateral approach in ensuring success and sustainability. Mr. Wabuyabo presented his valuable insights regarding the Kenyan Nuclear Power Program in the Africa Nuclear Business Platform Lite 2023.

In 2010, the Kenyan government took a pivotal decision to integrate nuclear power into its energy mix, recognizing the imperative of diversifying its energy sources to meet the nation's growing demand for electricity. This decision laid the foundation for a series of strategic actions and partnerships.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) played a pivotal role by conducting an Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) in 2015, assessing Kenya's progress and providing recommendations for infrastructure development. The IAEA's comprehensive review yielded 15 recommendations and 8 suggestions, all aimed at facilitating Kenya's nuclear aspirations. These recommendations were aligned with the Phase 1 criteria of the IAEA's Milestones Approach, ensuring a systematic and structured approach to nuclear infrastructure development.

In 2021, a follow-up INIR mission confirmed Kenya's substantial progress in implementing the recommendations and suggestions from the 2015 review. The nation has now entered Phase 2 of its nuclear program, marking a significant milestone on its nuclear journey.

Crucially, Kenya has conducted a rigorous nuclear feasibility study and formulated a 15-year strategic plan, emphasizing the importance of long-term planning in this complex endeavor. The nation's commitment to meticulous planning is evident in the development of the National Nuclear Policy and the National Policy and Strategy for Safety, critical frameworks that inform the government's decision-making process regarding nuclear power.

In 2019, Kenya enacted a national nuclear law and established a regulatory body with well-defined responsibilities for safety, security, and safeguards—the 'National Regulatory Act' established the Kenyan Nuclear Authority. Furthermore, the government conducted an assessment of the national legal framework, identifying areas that require review to ensure comprehensive and effective governance of its nuclear power program.

Effective coordination among key stakeholders has been a priority, fostering synergy and collaboration in the development of Kenya's nuclear program. A validated social assessment, soon to be published, will provide further insights and recommendations for program implementation.

Kenya's ambitious target is to have its first Nuclear Power Plant operational by 2034. The bidding process and associated infrastructure work are slated for completion by 2027. To achieve this goal, Kenya is diligently working on aligning both national and international legal frameworks to support the establishment of the nuclear power plant.

NBP’s Head of Africa, Ibrahim Ababou with Justus Wabuyabo, Ag. CEO of NuPEA and James Keter Chumba, Director General, Kenya Nuclear Regulatory Authority

Remarkably, Kenya enjoys strong political support and goodwill for its nuclear program, with concerted efforts to ensure the first nuclear power plant becomes operational by 2034. This commitment reflects a collective vision for a more energy-secure and prosperous Kenya.

In the realm of small modular reactors (SMRs), Kenya is adopting a cautious approach, prioritizing regulatory issues. While the nation has a keen interest in SMR technology and anticipates the first commercialized SMR by 2028, discussions with international partners from South Korea, the United States… are ongoing. Kenya recognizes the urgency of establishing a robust regulatory framework for SMR technology, and a multilateral approach is seen as instrumental in streamlining this process.

When it comes to funding and financing, Kenya is pragmatic in advocating for a multilateral approach. Recognizing the complexities and potential risks associated with nuclear power programs, such an approach can provide risk mitigation and simplify the financing process.

In conclusion, Kenya's Nuclear Power and Energy Agency (NuPEA) remains steadfast in adhering to its '15-year strategic plan,' a roadmap that outlines the nation's nuclear power journey. Kenya's pursuit of nuclear energy embodies the principle that collaboration and multilateralism are essential elements in realizing the vision of a more energy-secure and prosperous future.